A Biological Framework for Evaluating Whether a Species Is Threatened or Endangered in a Significant Portion of Its Range

A biological framework for evaluating whether a species is threatened or endangered in a significant portion of its range.

Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), a species can be listed if it is at risk "in all or a significant portion of its range," but the ESA provides no guidance on how to interpret this key phrase. We propose a simple test to determine whether the areas of a species' range in which it is currently at risk amount to a significant portion: If the species were to become extirpated from these...

Effects on species' conservation of reinterpreting the phrase "significant portion of its range" in the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

The U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires listing of a species as threatened or endangered not only when it is at risk of worldwide extinction, but also when it is at risk in any “significant portion of its range” (SPOIR) (16 U.S.C. Section 1532(6)). Many species have been listed as endangered under the ESA in part because they were threatened in a SPOIR (e.g., FWS 1990, 1995, 2000). On 16...

a framework for identifying and prioritizing factors affecting customers’ online shopping behavior in iran

the purpose of this study is identifying effective factors which make customers shop online in iran and investigating the importance of discovered factors in online customers’ decision. in the identifying phase, to discover the factors affecting online shopping behavior of customers in iran, the derived reference model summarizing antecedents of online shopping proposed by change et al. was us...

Why Species Become Threatened or Endangered: A Mammalogist’s Perspective

the effectiveness of strategy-based instruction in teaching english as a second or foreign language: a meta-analysis of experimental studies

a large number of single research studies on the effects of strategy-based instruction (sbi) in teaching english as a foreign or second language has been conducted so far. however, the lack of a comprehensive meta-analysis targeting the effectiveness of english language sbi is observed. moreover, the findings of experimental studies regarding the context of the english language, proficiency lev...